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Nutritional Ecology of the Southern Green Stink Bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Selected Varieties of Cowpea and Tomato

Received: 12 November 2019     Accepted: 16 December 2019     Published: 9 January 2020
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Abstract

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), are two economically important crops in the southern United States. The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a highly polyphagous pest that attacks a wide range of crops including cowpea and tomato causing a reduction in yield and produce quality. Considering the damage and the associated losses in cowpea and tomato production by this and other pests, as well as the demand for reduced use of pesticides, there is a need to cultivate varieties that are resistant to N. viridula. One key indicator of resistance is host nutritional availability and adequacy. This study evaluated the effect of two selected varieties of cowpea and tomato on the growth and development of N. viridula under laboratory conditions as a first step towards the assessment of nutritional adequacy of both crops. We carried out feeding experiments to compare food utilization and suitability by various life stages of N. viridula. The food substrates tested included fresh immature cowpea pods, fresh cowpea seeds, dry cowpea seeds and newly ripened tomato fruits. Overall, mean nymphal mortality was less when reared on cowpea (63.7±2.9%) than tomato (83.0±1.8%). Nymphs required less time to complete development on cowpea (27.8±2.8d) than on tomato (45.0±3.9d). Fresh body weight at adult emergence was greater on cowpea (132.3±12.1mg) than tomato (83.9±1.5mg). Consumption index (CI) and growth rate (GR) were higher on cowpea (CI: 22.0 ±1.3; GR: 2.1±0.3) than tomato (CI: 8.7±1.4; GR: 0.9±0.1). Collectively, these results suggest that cowpea provided a more suitable nutritional substrate for nymphal development. Many small vegetable growers cultivate both crops.

Published in American Journal of Entomology (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11
Page(s) 1-9
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nutritional Index, Cowpea, Nezara viridula, Tomato

References
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Cite This Article
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    Akamu Jude Ewunkem, Henry Osofuhene Sintim, Beatrice Nuck Dingha, Sudan Gyawaly, Louis Ernest Jackai. (2020). Nutritional Ecology of the Southern Green Stink Bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Selected Varieties of Cowpea and Tomato. American Journal of Entomology, 4(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11

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    Akamu Jude Ewunkem; Henry Osofuhene Sintim; Beatrice Nuck Dingha; Sudan Gyawaly; Louis Ernest Jackai. Nutritional Ecology of the Southern Green Stink Bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Selected Varieties of Cowpea and Tomato. Am. J. Entomol. 2020, 4(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11

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    Akamu Jude Ewunkem, Henry Osofuhene Sintim, Beatrice Nuck Dingha, Sudan Gyawaly, Louis Ernest Jackai. Nutritional Ecology of the Southern Green Stink Bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Selected Varieties of Cowpea and Tomato. Am J Entomol. 2020;4(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11,
      author = {Akamu Jude Ewunkem and Henry Osofuhene Sintim and Beatrice Nuck Dingha and Sudan Gyawaly and Louis Ernest Jackai},
      title = {Nutritional Ecology of the Southern Green Stink Bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Selected Varieties of Cowpea and Tomato},
      journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-9},
      doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20200401.11},
      abstract = {Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), are two economically important crops in the southern United States. The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a highly polyphagous pest that attacks a wide range of crops including cowpea and tomato causing a reduction in yield and produce quality. Considering the damage and the associated losses in cowpea and tomato production by this and other pests, as well as the demand for reduced use of pesticides, there is a need to cultivate varieties that are resistant to N. viridula. One key indicator of resistance is host nutritional availability and adequacy. This study evaluated the effect of two selected varieties of cowpea and tomato on the growth and development of N. viridula under laboratory conditions as a first step towards the assessment of nutritional adequacy of both crops. We carried out feeding experiments to compare food utilization and suitability by various life stages of N. viridula. The food substrates tested included fresh immature cowpea pods, fresh cowpea seeds, dry cowpea seeds and newly ripened tomato fruits. Overall, mean nymphal mortality was less when reared on cowpea (63.7±2.9%) than tomato (83.0±1.8%). Nymphs required less time to complete development on cowpea (27.8±2.8d) than on tomato (45.0±3.9d). Fresh body weight at adult emergence was greater on cowpea (132.3±12.1mg) than tomato (83.9±1.5mg). Consumption index (CI) and growth rate (GR) were higher on cowpea (CI: 22.0 ±1.3; GR: 2.1±0.3) than tomato (CI: 8.7±1.4; GR: 0.9±0.1). Collectively, these results suggest that cowpea provided a more suitable nutritional substrate for nymphal development. Many small vegetable growers cultivate both crops.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Nutritional Ecology of the Southern Green Stink Bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Selected Varieties of Cowpea and Tomato
    AU  - Akamu Jude Ewunkem
    AU  - Henry Osofuhene Sintim
    AU  - Beatrice Nuck Dingha
    AU  - Sudan Gyawaly
    AU  - Louis Ernest Jackai
    Y1  - 2020/01/09
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11
    T2  - American Journal of Entomology
    JF  - American Journal of Entomology
    JO  - American Journal of Entomology
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 9
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-0537
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200401.11
    AB  - Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae), are two economically important crops in the southern United States. The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a highly polyphagous pest that attacks a wide range of crops including cowpea and tomato causing a reduction in yield and produce quality. Considering the damage and the associated losses in cowpea and tomato production by this and other pests, as well as the demand for reduced use of pesticides, there is a need to cultivate varieties that are resistant to N. viridula. One key indicator of resistance is host nutritional availability and adequacy. This study evaluated the effect of two selected varieties of cowpea and tomato on the growth and development of N. viridula under laboratory conditions as a first step towards the assessment of nutritional adequacy of both crops. We carried out feeding experiments to compare food utilization and suitability by various life stages of N. viridula. The food substrates tested included fresh immature cowpea pods, fresh cowpea seeds, dry cowpea seeds and newly ripened tomato fruits. Overall, mean nymphal mortality was less when reared on cowpea (63.7±2.9%) than tomato (83.0±1.8%). Nymphs required less time to complete development on cowpea (27.8±2.8d) than on tomato (45.0±3.9d). Fresh body weight at adult emergence was greater on cowpea (132.3±12.1mg) than tomato (83.9±1.5mg). Consumption index (CI) and growth rate (GR) were higher on cowpea (CI: 22.0 ±1.3; GR: 2.1±0.3) than tomato (CI: 8.7±1.4; GR: 0.9±0.1). Collectively, these results suggest that cowpea provided a more suitable nutritional substrate for nymphal development. Many small vegetable growers cultivate both crops.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, United States of America

  • Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, United States of America

  • Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, United States of America

  • Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, United States of America

  • Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Design, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, United States of America

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